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Renewable energy use for aquaponics development on a global scale towards sustainable food production

Thorarinsdottir, Ragnheidur ; Coaten, Daniel ; et al.

2017

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Who are the end-use(r)s of smart cities?: A synthesis of conversations in Amsterdam

Richter, C. ; Taylor, Linnet ; et al.

2018

unknown

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On the use of the R/r ratio in Asteroidea

Tablado, A. ; Calcagno, J.A.

2020

unknown

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On the use of the R/r ratio in Asteroidea

Tablado, A. ; Calcagno, J.A.

In: Echinoderms through Time ; page 359-359; (2020)

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Appendix VIII: Nancy Lee and Perry R. Bass Performance Hall, Fort Worth, TX: A Paradigm Shift in Multi-Use Halls

Holden, Mark

2015

unknown

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Use of genetic algorithms for optimal policies of M&R in a bridge network

Brito, V ; Mendonça, T ; et al.

2015

unknown

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The use of high-purity oxygen in the activated sludge process. Vol. 2 / ed. J. R. McWhirter.

McWhirter, John R. (1937- ).

1978

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The use of high-purity oxygen in the activated sludge process. Vol. 1 / ed. J. R. McWhirter.

McWhirter, John R. (1937- ).

1978

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Appendix VIII: Nancy Lee and Perry R. Bass Performance Hall, Fort Worth, TX: A Paradigm Shift in Multi-Use Halls

In: Acoustics of Multi-Use Performing Arts Centers ; page 299-310 ; ISBN 9780415517195 9781498745789; (2015)

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Use of genetic algorithms for optimal policies of M&R in a bridge network

In: Advances in Bridge Maintenance, Safety Management, and Life-Cycle Performance, Set of Book & CD-ROM ; page 143-144 ; ISBN 9780429158094; (2015)

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AGRO-INDUSTRIAL USES OF COCOA BY-PRODUCTS DISN EY R I BEIRO DI A S

In: Cocoa and Coffee Fermentations ; page 328-359; (2014)

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gluten quality involves the addition of low levels of gluten, ied typically are compared to results obtained by some about 2%, to a standard test flour, which often is of a type of baking test. McDermott [85] compared baking 'weak' type, and observing the effects on bread quality. (Chorleywood bake test) and other properties of 30 com-Water absorption is adjusted as appropriate for the gluten mercial glutens, mostly of European origin (Table 8), and levels added [23]. A stressed gluten-enriched baking test found that under his test conditions six samples were of was identified [31], which assumes that gluten is added to relatively poor quality; correlation between baking perfor-enable production of specialty breads using substantial mance and other measured properties was not high. levels of non-gluten-containing ingredients such as rye Weegels and Hamer [130] studied a group of 32 European flour, dietary fiber, bran and germ, or raisins [49]. Czucha-commercial glutens. These workers devised a test involv-j owska and Pomeranz [31] described a simple, repro-ing protein content, denaturation index (based on a series ducible method for baking undiluted gluten, highly corre-of sodium dodecyl sulfate sedimentation measurements), lated with the gluten-enrichment baking test. and extensigraph resistance; a model utilizing these tests A prime reason for performing end-use tests of func-was able to predict 59% of the baking quality variation of tionality, of course, is to monitor variations in the quality the glutens. Bushuk and Wadhawan [20] examined 27 of commercial wheat glutens that can occur. Differences commercial gluten samples, although only 8 were subject-among commercial gluten are usually attributable to varia-ed to extensive end-use testing; the highest correlation co-tions in the starting material, wheat or flour, and/or efficients were between loaf volume and acetic acid-solu-changes caused by production processing conditions. Dur-ble protein (r = 0.88) and between loaf volume and ing processing, the drying of gluten is critical, as noted fluorescence of acetic acid extract (r = 0.98). above, and investigators have shown that less than opti-mum heat treatment can lower the baking quality of gluten (b) Nonbaking Tests. Considerable efforts have been [14,49,98,111,130]. However, McDermott [85] reported expended in developing nonbaking tests to evaluate the no definite relationship between manufacturing variables quality or vitality of wheat gluten for baking purposes. The and gluten quality in a group of 30 commercial glutens. baking test is often cited as being labor intensive, relative-Dreese et al. [38] studied commercial and hand-washed ly expensive, requiring skilled workers, and not effectively lyophilized gluten and found that differences were more differentiating gluten quality [86]. The farinograph has attributable to washing procedures than to drying proce-been used to evaluate gluten for many years. The usual ap-dures. proach has been to test the gluten as a gluten-flour mixture Results obtained by other methods that have been stud-(e.g., Refs. 5, 18, 36, and 49), while an alternative method TABLE 8 Properties of 30 Commercial Glutens Baking performance Property Average Range Poor Average Good Increase in loaf volume, %a 10 7.7-12.2 8.3 10.2 11.8 Protein, %b 77.4 66.4-84.3 76.2 77.4 81.1 Moisture, % 7.55.3-10.2 8.877.7 Particle size, %

In: Handbook of Cereal Science and Technology, Revised and Expanded ; page 779-792 ; ISBN 9780429116605; (2000)

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coating layer itself, an d at the interface between the coating and the substrate, causes instant fracturing and separation of coating material from the surface. In general, if a coating or contaminant is CHEMICALLY bonded to a surface, dry ice particle blasting will NOT effectively remove the coating. If the bond is PHYSICAL o r MECHANICAL in nature, such as a coating of rubber residue which is 'anchored' into the porous surface of an aluminum casting, then there is a good chance that dr y ice blasting will work. Contaminants which are etched, or stained into the surfaces of metals, ceramics, plastics, or other materials typically cannot be removed with dry ice blasting. If the surface of the substrate is extremely porous or rough, providing strong mechanical 'anchoring' for the contaminant or coating, dr y ice blasting may not be able to remove all of the coating, or the rate of removal may be too slow to allow dry ice blasting to be cost effective. The classic example of a contaminant that does NOT respond to dry ice blast-ing is RUST. Rust is both chemically and strongly mechanically bonded to steel substrate. Advanced stages of rust must be 'chiseled' away with abrasive sand blasting. Only the thin film of powderized 'flash' rust on a fresh steel surface can be effectively removed with dry ice blasting. 4.2.1.1. Inductio n (venturi) and direct acceleration blast systems - the effect of the typ e of system on available kinetic energy In a two-hose induction (venturi) carbon dioxide blastin g system, the medium particles are moved from the hopper to the 'gun' chamber by suction, where they drop to a very low velocity before being induced into the outflow of the nozzle by a large flow volume of compressed air. Some more advanced two-hose systems employ a small positive pressure to the pellet delivery hose. In any type of two-hose system, since the blast medium particles have only a short distance in which to gain momentum and accelerate to the nozzle exit (usually only 200 to 300 mm), the final particle average velocity is limited to between 60 and 120 meters per second. So, in general, two-hose systems, although not so costly, are limited in their ability to deliver contaminant removal kinetic energy to the surface to be cleaned. When more blasting energy is required, these systems must be 'boosted' a t the expense of much more air volume required, and higher blast pressure is re-quired as well, with much more nozzle back thrust, and very much more blast noise generated at the nozzle exit plane. The other type of solid carbon dioxide medium blasting system is like the 'pressurized pot' abrasive blasting system common in the sand blasting and Plas-ti c Media Blasting industries. These systems use a single delivery hose from the hopper to the 'nozzle' applicator in which both the medium particles and the compressed air travel. These systems are more complex and a little more costly than the inductive two-hose systems, but the advantages gained greatly outweigh the extra initial expense. In a single-hose solid carbon dioxide particle blasting system, sometimes referred to as a 'direct acceleration ' system, the medium is introduced from the hopper into a single, pre-pressurized blast hose through a sealed airlock feeder. The particles begin their acceleration and velocity increase

In: Surface Contamination and Cleaning ; page 162-163; (2003)

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E. and D. R. Cox, Asymptotic Techniques for Use in

In: Asymptotics, Nonparametrics, and Time Series ; page 52-58; (1999)

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alo T ng a , blBeD7DP gi Oveaslosnogm , e FR-polypropylene using t #1, using only CFR, at a3n0d % awchoim ch biinsa1 ti 9 o . n 5 % ofhtahleogBernhaendchC lo lrfilna ated flame retardant (CFR) mm. Use of DBDPO at a 23.5% loading level which giisveas ls aoU 19 L m -e 94reV ta -r 0daanttbso . th F3o . r2maunld at i1o . n6tohtahterbu fo m rm s, u ( l NC) .5 halogen, gives a material also gives a U at L io -n . sIanre this case, Cl is 94 V-0aa ls to3 . g2ivaenndu1s .6 inmgod re if feefrfe ic nitenrt than Br as a flame retardant. Several (Formulation #4). mm. A3:1raattiiooooffBBrr : C an ldwC as l . on A ly 1 a :1 V r -a ltiaoto3. f2Bmr/ m C . l

In: Tomorrows Trends in Fire Retardant Regulations, Testing, and Applications ; page 46-46 ; ISBN 9780429076312; (1996)

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trichinae in pork (3); the x-ray machines available at that time were not powerful enough to treat pork in commercially interesting quantities. The food laws of many countries apply also to tobacco products and it is perhaps not too farfetched to mention irradiation of a tobacco product in this contest. Cigars can be attacked and badly damaged by the tobacco beetle, Lasioderma serricorne. This used to be a serious problem for the cigar industry. Many shipments of cigars had to be discarded because the product was criss crossed by the feeding tunnels of the insect. G. A. Runner of USDA’s Bureau of Entomology had demonstrated in 1916 that eggs, larvae, and the adults of the t obacco beetle could be killed in cigars by x-rays (4). At the request of the American Tobacco Company, an x-ray machine with a conveyor system for the irradiation of boxes of cigars was built by American Machine and Foundry Company in New York City and put into operation in 1929. A water-cooled x-ray tube with a maximal power of 30 mA at 200 kV was the radiation source.* Although the treatment effectively prevented damage to the cigars, the machine turned out to be unsuitable for continuous use. Details can no longer be re constructed, but it appears that the x-ray tubes then available were built for intermittent use in medical diagnosis and therapy, not for continuous use on a production line. At any rate, chemical fumigation later replaced this first indus trial application of radiation processing. A French patent was granted in 1930 to O. Wiist for an invention described by the words (in translation): “ Foods of all kinds which are packed in sealed metallic containers are submitted to the action of hard (high-voltage) x-rays to kill all bacteria” (5). However, the patent never led to a practical application. New interest was stimulated in 1947 by a publication ( ) of two expatriate German scientists, Amo Brasch and Wolfgang Huber, coinventors of a pulsed electron accelerator, the Capacitron, and founders of Electronized Chemicals Corporation in Brooklyn, New York. They reported that meats and some other foodstuffs could be sterilized by high-energy electron pulses; that some food stuffs, particularly milk and other dairy products, were susceptible to radiation and developed off-flavors; and that these undesirable radiation effects could be avoided by irradiation in the absence of oxygen and at low temperatures. With regard to cost efficiency they concluded that irradiation “ will not materially increase the final price of the treated product.” At about the same time, J. G. Trump and R. J. van de Graaff of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, who had developed another type of electron accelerator, also studied effects of irradia tion on foods and other biological materials (7). They collaborated in these studies with MIT’s Department of Food Technology. The foundations of food irradiation research had been laid when B. E. Proctor and S. A. Goldblith reviewed these

In: Safety of Irradiated Foods ; page 20-20; (1995)

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USE O F BIOSYNTHETIC, BIODEGRADABLE THERM OPLASTICS AND ELASTOM ERS FROM R EN EW AB LE RESOURCES: TH E PROS AND CONS

In: Degradable Polymers, Recycling, and Plastics Waste Management ; page 83-90; (1995)

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litter used. The advandages derived fran using peat depend greatly on the qualiity of the peat. The absorption capacity of dry peat is best exploited in cowsheds were all the urine is absorbed by the litter. In this case, the amount of peat required is far less than that of either straw or sawdust. In cowsheds with a urine well, the use of peat as litter permits some reduction in the size of the well. The economic advandage of using peat lies in the better utilization of nutrients. At 1984 prices, the saving achieved by retaining the nutrients is about 6 Finnish marks (about 0.9 USD), per cubic meter of peat used. The price of peat liitter is about 20 marks/m3 (3 USD). Additional benefit is derived frcm the soil improvement effect resulting from long-term use, and frcm the lower cost of constructing the building if the urine well can be made smaller or emitted altogether. References 1. KYTO, M., SIPILA, K. & THUN, R. 1983. Pintaturve maanparannusaineena ja kuivikkeena. Sumnary: Weakly decomposed peat for soil improvement and litter. Technical Research Centre of Finland. Research notes 240. 2. KEMPPAINEN, E. 1984. Kuivikkeen vaikutus lannan arvoon. Effect of litter on value of manure (in Finnish). Kasikir-joitus. Manuscript. 15 p. 3. TUQRILA, P. 1929. Bindungsvermogen verschiedener Torfarten fur Stickstoff in Form von Ammoniak. Ability of different peat types to bind nitrogen in the form of ammonia (in German). Sucmen Suovilj. yhd. julk. 9. 4. PELTOLA, I. 1984. Kuivikkeiden nesteenpidatyskyvyt testissa. Summary: The absorptivity of different litters. Tyotehoseu-ran rakennustiedotus 200. 6 p. 5. PELTOLA, I. 1984. Kuivikkeen vaikutus navettailmaan. Summary: The effect of dry litter upon tying-stall shed air. Tyoteho-seuran maataloustiedotus 317. 4 p.

In: Odour Prevention and Control of Organic Sludge and Livestock Farming ; page 201-202; (1986)

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APHA 1971 Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water 13th Edition. American Public Health Association Inc., New York. 25 HISSETT, R. , EVANS, M.R. & BAINES, S. 1975 The use of respirometric methods for assessing the biodegradability of different components of agricultural wastes. Progress in Water Technology 7(2) 13-21. 26 MONTGOMERY, H.A.C., DYMOCK, J.F. & THOM, N.S. 1962 The rapid colourimetric determination of organic acids and their salts in sewage sludge liquor. Analyst 87, 949-955. 27 BAINES, S. & EVANS, M.R. 1985 Aeration and odour control by heterotrophic and autotrophic aerobes. EEC/FAO, Silsoe, U.K. 15-19 April 1985. 28 SPOELSTRA, S.F. 1977 Simple phenols and indoles in anaerobically stored piggery wastes. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 28^ 415-423. 29 SPOELSTRA, S.F. 1979 Volatile fatty acids in anaerobically stored piggery wastes. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 21_, 60-66. 30 Her Majesty's Stationery Office 1981 Phenols in waters and effluents. 31 Personal Communication with A.G. Williams, Farm Buildings Division, N.I.A.E., Silsoe, Bedford, U.K.

In: Odour Prevention and Control of Organic Sludge and Livestock Farming ; page 330-332; (1986)

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A: Sbe el poaw ra r te o^ d d se b rv eiacm es zone p sh ro owing normal services 601 f Gumh (Du vcitssiosn erve 500m* floor) s \ VAV Box S fo prac se erv av ic aei * la ble dDeu te crtm de in petsh but not required service void depth B: U n se l c ti or tmm io aantegc re aapta ly ci teyxcoefl provision eds C: T -a pUelr ti mpa ro te fi lce apacity of section comparable with normal provision Efficient use of the primary F ig -1 distribution zone Typical zoning of the office floor using Fig. 2 taper beams ( perspective)

In: Composite Steel Structures ; page 100-101; (1987)

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